The ACL is considered the primary stabiliser of the knee joint contributing to about 85% of knee stability (Grey et al, 2017). It has the role of limiting anterior translation of the tibia on the femur, optimising rotational stability of the knee joint and preventing...
The Rotator Cuff (RC) is comprised of 4 muscles and their tendons: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis and Teres Minor. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the entire body making it easily susceptible to injury. Therefore, it requires a high degree of...
The medial and lateral menisci are two C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located on the top of the tibia. They act as a shock absorber, stabiliser and are an attachment site for tendons, muscles and ligaments. Meniscal tears can be: Acute: A result of...
Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes (plantar fascia). Signs and Symptoms Pain with first steps in...
Anatomy The calf muscles comprise of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The gastrocnemius is one of the main plantar flexors of the ankle. It is comprised of two muscle bellies, with the medial head having a mechanical advantage. It is therefore able to generate...
The glenohumeral or shoulder joint is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body accounting for 50% of all major joint dislocations and unfortunately, shoulder dislocations make up the majority of traumatic sporting injuries. But why does it dislocate so easily...